Carbon Zone

California Climate Corporate Accountability Act

The Climate Accountability Package

California Climate Corporate Accountability Act Officially Takes Effect in 2026

 

In 2023, the State of California passed two landmark climate bills—SB 253 and SB 261—collectively known as the “Climate Corporate Accountability Package.”

This legislation aims to enhance corporate transparency and accountability regarding climate change. It mandates large corporations to disclose their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate-related financial risks, driving businesses to formulate strategies and take concrete actions to address climate change.

Regulation Numbers, Announcement & Implementation Dates, and Competent Authority

Legislation Name Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act Greenhouse Gases: Climate-Related Financial Risk
Bill Number SB-253 SB-261
Date Enacted October 7, 2023 October 7, 2023
Implementation Timeline 2026: Disclosure of Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions (direct operational and purchased-electricity emissions)
2027: Expanded disclosure to include Scope 3 emissions (value chain emissions)
Regulatory Body
Competent Authority California Air Resources Board (CARB)

Regulated Entities and Scope

SB-253  applies to all reporting entities "doing business" in California, regardless of industry. This includes partnerships, private companies, and corporations with annual revenues exceeding $1 billion that are required to file tax and financial information.
Covered entities must annually disclose their GHG emissions for the prior fiscal year. These companies are required to conduct GHG inventories in accordance with the GHG Protocol, with Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions disclosures beginning in 2026, followed by Scope 3 emissions in 2027.

SB-261 applies to all business entities with annual revenues exceeding $500 million (excluding entities regulated by the California Department of Insurance or those conducting insurance business in other states). Covered entities must prepare and submit a climate-related financial risk report every two years (biennially) aligned with the TCFD framework (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures), outlining their climate-related financial risks and corresponding response measures.

Penalties and Enforcement Mechanism

  • SB-253: Covered entities that fail to comply with GHG emissions disclosure requirements may subject to administrative penalties of up to US$500,000 per reporting year.
  • SB-261: Covered entities that fail to disclose climate-related financial risks or submit the required response and adaptation measures may face administrative penalties of up to US$50,000 per reporting year.

Frequently Asked Questions

A.

Yes. SB 253 mandates that companies obtain third-party assurance for their emissions disclosures (reasonable assurance for Scopes 1 and 2, and limited assurance for Scope 3). Enforceable penalties are in place to ensure strict compliance and data accuracy.

A.

They differ primarily in disclosure content, covered entities, and reporting frequency. Please refer to the comparison table below:

Bill SB 253 SB 261
Disclosure Content GHG emissions disclosure in accordance with the GHG Protocol; includes Scopes 1, Scope 2 (starting 2026) and Scope 3 (starting 2027) Climate-related financial risks and corresponding response measures
Covered Entities Corporations with annual revenue exceeding USD 1 billion Corporations with annual revenue exceeding USD 500 million (excluding insurance companies)
Reporting Frequency Annually Biennially
A.

Yes. SB 253 explicitly mandates that covered entities utilize the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard for their GHG accounting and reporting. Therefore, even if a company already aligns with ISO 14064-1, it must ensure its inventory also meets GHG Protocol requirements and obtains the necessary third-party assurance.

A.

Yes. SB 261 mandates that covered entities disclose their climate-related financial risks biennially, aligned with the TCFD framework.
The required disclosure must encompass both physical and transition risks, as well as the company's mitigation, adaptation, and corresponding response measures designed to address these identified risks.

SGS Service Solutions

  • ISO 14064-1 Organizational GHG Inventory Services
  • ESG Report Preparation Services

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